The ageing ladder, precisely
Spain often sells reds by how long they've aged. The terms imply minimums (which vary a little by region):
JOVEN
little/no oak
CRIANZA
~2 yrs, ~1 in oak
RESERVA
~3 yrs, ~1 in oak
GRAN RESERVA
~5 yrs, top vintages
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Top origin tier
DO is the standard quality tier; DOCa/DOQ is the highest — held only by Rioja and Priorat. Vino de Pago recognises individual top estates.